3/31/2005

Washi, Japanese Paper

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- - Washi 和紙 Japanese Paper - -  


http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/p/yoto_daruma.htm

This store has a great collection of links to Washi Paper and the various products made from it.
http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/p/washiseihin.htm

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. For example
はがき Hagaki, postcards
便箋・封筒 fuuto, envelopes
ランプシェード Lampshades
名刺 Meishi, Business Cards
色紙 shikishi, colored paper
人形・壁掛など Dolls and decorations for the wall
.. .. .. http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/image/echizen/echizen_ningyo.gif
.. .. .. http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/image/echizen/echizen_kabekake.jpg
座ぶとん(黒谷和紙) Zabuton, Seat cushions

Nr. 9 of these dolls is a Hime Daruma, Princess Daruma:
http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/image/ecchu/ecchu_kataezome.gif

Dolls for "Kaze no Bon" Festival
http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/image/ecchu/ecchu_kazenobon.jpg

This goes on and on...

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quoted from
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. Japan's Encounter With Paper
The Japanese people's sentiment that transcended the original use of paper


The oldest printed matter existing in the world are the "One Million Dharani Charms" of Japan. In the year 764, the Empress Shotoku, praying for peace throughout the nation, sanctioned the printing of a million paper prayers, each prayer to be enshrined in its own individual three-storied wooden pagoda with a height of 13.5 centimeters and a diameter of 10.5 centimeters at the base. Printed Buddhist prayers called Dharani were placed in a hole in the center and 100,000 each of these pagodas were allotted to ten great temples, including the Horyuji Temple of Nara, Yamato Province.

At a time when paper making techniques made a rapid advance, the Japanese people were not satisfied with simply paper on which words could be written and which could be preserved well. They demanded a special harmony and beauty, depending on the use and the taste of the user. Just for "irogami" (colored paper) and "tanzaku" (strip of fancy paper for the writing of poems) alone, many different kinds were made, ranging from the ornate to the simple, to match the poem's content and calligraphic style. The complex demands were fully met by the paper making artisans.

Washi was often used as a gift among the upper classes of society in ancient times and the Middle Ages. For instance, when members of the nobility visited each other, it was customary to take along white paper of high quality. This was presented with the thought that the person visited was a man of culture-so please use this for composing poems or copying a sutra." This refined custom continued until recent times.

Even on the battlefield, it was considered good taste for a warlord to carry thich Washi called "hikiawase" with him. The original meaning of "hikiawase" was the place for tightening body armor. It was usually located on the body armor's right side. Warriors found it convenient to put paper and writing equipment here and it was from this that the name of the paper originated. Besides for official communications, the paper was used for writing poems, miscellaneous notes and records.

Choths made from Washi


Eventually the uses of Washi spread beyond writing, painting and printing. Washi was the first paper in the world to be employed widely for daily necessities. Washi imparted many benefits and had a splendid practicability in the life of the Japanese people as a whole.

When well used Washi is torn into a ribbon-like form and twisted with the hands, this becomes what is known as "koyori." It is generally used as a string to bind sheets of paper. In addition, a large number of "koyori" can be combined in different shapes and lacquered for "koyori handiwork."

The many kinds of "koyori handiwork" such as bowl, plate, cigarette case, lunch box and "kori" (hamper with cover for containing clothing-made with consideration for ventilation) are lightweight and splendid craft work. It is a traditional industrial art born out of the attachment felt by people who did not want to waste even a fragment of Washi.


This is an amazing article on three pages,
please look at the big pictures and read the original here:

http://www.jgc.co.jp/waza/b4_washi/washi01.htm

About the making of Washi
http://www.jgc.co.jp/waza/b4_washi/washi03.htm


Safekeep copy is here:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/DarumaArchives-002/message/55

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--- Material used for Washi

choshi 楮紙 mulberry tree paper

hishi  岩菲紙 / 雁皮紙 (がんぴし)  
Ganpi plant, Wikstroemia Sikokiana

mashi 麻紙 hemp paper

mitsumata 三椏紙 Edgeworthia chrysantha (J. mitsumata)


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Another informative page about Washi Paper.

Washi is the Japanese word for the traditional papers made from the long inner fibres of three plants, wa meaning Japanese and shi meaning paper. As Japan rushes with the rest of the world into the 21st Century, and more modern technologies take over, machines produce similar-looking papers which have qualities very different from authentic washi. As of the fall of 1994, there remain roughly 350 families still engaged in the production of paper by hand.

History
Raw Materials
Methods of Production
Features of Washi
Uses for Washi
http://www.japanesepaperplace.com/abt-japanese-paper/about-washi.htm

Something for everyone...
Who uses these papers? The sky's the limit! But here are some whose work can greatly benefit:
Artists
Bookbinders
Conservators
Craftspersons
Graphic Designers
Interior Designers
Manufacturers
Painters & Drawers
Printmakers

As time goes on, modern technology replaces much of the traditional process. Still there are those papermakers left who will not compromise.
According to the Japanese, "Things of excellence shall not die."

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The Great Washi Paper Sculptor,
Uchiumi Kiyoharu 内海清美


Uchiumi made a show of washi puppets relating to the life of Kuukai, Kooboo Daishi (Kukai, Kobo Daishi).

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

■内海清美の物語空間   和紙人形による空海の世界
The world of Kukai, made of Washi Paper


One example, Chapter 10
第十章 即身成仏
嵯峨天皇は南都六宗と北嶺(比叡山)の高僧、および空海の八人を宮中の清涼殿に召集、それぞれの宗旨の真髄を聴聞します。これは八宗論として伝えられています。  その場での各宗の高僧は、すべて成仏の経路は三劫成仏[さんごうじょうぶつ]といって、長い年月の修行を果たした後にはじめて成仏できるという未来成仏を説きます。  これに対し空海は一人「自心の源底を知るものは仏の心を知る。仏の心を知るものは衆生の心を知る。仏の生命を覚り、これと一体化して生きる肉体そのままで速やかに仏になることができる。それは仏の三密と人間の三業とが不二になる境地である」と真言宗の即身成仏を説き、一座の天皇と高僧たちの前で、手に印契を結び、口に真言を唱え、心を仏の三昧に住するという三密行を示し、自身金剛身(大日如来)となり即身成仏の境地に入ってみせ、体から黄金の光を放ちます。  他宗の高僧たちはこの光景にすっかり畏敬し、天皇の空海への信頼は一層高まります。
quoted from mikkyo21



There is a Museum with the Sculptures of Uchiumi san.
Genji Paper Sculpture Museum

This museum exhibits Japanese paper carvings and sculptures of Mr. Kiyoharu Uchiumi. He has reproduced some scenes from the Tales of Genji, which is the masterpiece written by Murasaki Shikibu in the Heian period.Mr. Uchiumi's aim is that visitors appreciate his works with all their five senses. Lighting and music complement and allow full expression of his works The entire exhibition hall is a big stage, and the spectators walk by and appreciate individual scenes on the stage.
http://www.archphoto.it/IMAGES/asia/hayakusa/mats.htm

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. Asakusagami, Asakusa-gami 浅草紙  .
Paper made in Edo
kamisukishi、kamisuki shi 紙漉き師 making paper, paper making artisan
kamiya, kami-ya 紙屋 paper maker
- Kamisukichoo 紙漉町 Kamisuki-Cho district
sukikaeshi, suki-kasehi 漉き返し業者 re-making of paper

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Echizen Washi
越前和紙 paper from Echizen

Otaki Jinjya 大瀧神社
Okata Jinja 岡太神社

福井県今立郡今立町粟田部 Fukui

Shrine for the deity of washi paper

Taketsunomi 建角身(たけつのみ)命
Kunisatsuchi 国狭槌(くにさつち)尊
Oonamuchi 大己貴(おおなむち)命



source : www.echizenwashi.jp


quote
History of Echizen Washi
A paper goddess teaching people how to make paper


Legend has it that about 1,500 years ago a woman taught people in this area how to make paper with the natural materials from special plants for washi called Kozo, because she had sympathy on them since they did not have any rice fields to make a living. She mysteriously disappeared to the upper river, so she was named "Kawa-kami Gozen", meaning "upriver princess" in Japanese.
Since then, the princess has been enshrined as a paper goddess with two local gods in Okamoto Otaki Shrine.



川上御前 Kawakami Gozen, deity of washi paper 紙祖神

They say she might have been from Korea or China.
Around that period, there had been many people from China passing through Korea to bring their techniques to Japan, which later became the present Japanese handcrafts. The Fukui accent is very similar to the Korean one, due to the fact that Fukui was one of the main locations Koreans could first land on naturally with the strong tide of the sea. When they landed, they only found a vast swamp, which made it difficult for them to settle in. As a result, they went to the surrounding mountain valleys to live. These locations are the origins of where pottery, lacquerware, knives and Washi (Japanese traditional paper) are made, according to some studies.

Since then Washi has been a main industry in the Echizen area. There are now about 70 factories that use either handmade, industrial, or processing methods, with about 500 people working in Washi related jobs in the Imadate area "Goka".

五箇地区
"Goka" is called by five villages of the town, Oizu, Iwamoto, Shinzaike, Sadatomo and Otaki, in all together. This area have been producing Japanese paper since 6th century and constitute "Echizen Washi no Sato".

There used to be lots of paper villages every where in Japan, but it is veryunusual to see an area like Echizen only making paper through all the year, whereas the others used to make paper only in winter when they didn't producerice. As a result, Echizen is one of the largest handmade paper industries in Japan along with Tosa in Kochi and Mino in Gifu Prefectures.
The Royal family sometimes uses Echizen Washi to announce their baby’s birth with their names on it.

Here, there are many old people interested in Echizen Washi history and keep studying with the old documents by themselves. The above-stated are from my own studies taught by some of them. Now I am studying about the exported paper from Echizen during the edo period, when the central government closed most of the ports but Nagasaki only open to China and Holland.
source : www.echizenwashi.jp/english


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Paper from San-In 山陰 - Tottori and Shimane
Izumo and Inaba

Inshuu washi 因州和紙 Inshu Washi




quote
Inshu, also called Inaba, is the feudal name for an area that today lies in the eastern part of Tottori Prefecture. Today the production scale of Inshu washi (Japanese hand-molded paper) at two towns of Aoya Town and Saji Village in east Tottori Prefecture is second in Japan only to that of Echizen washi in Fukui Prefecture. In a region blessed by top-quality water that comes from crystal-clear streams deep in the mountains, the successful history of Inshu washi stretches back more than 1,000 years.
..... The high-quality calligraphy paper has long been prized for the way in which it subtly enhances the shading in the flow of the ink, and Inshu washi remains one of the country's most sought-after papers for calligraphy. ...
source : web-japan.org


. Folk Craft and Art from Tottori .


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Izumo Washi 出雲和紙 Washi paper from Izumo




quote
Izumo Folkcraft Paper
The Izumo region, in the West part of Japan, has been documented as a paper production area since ancient times.
Former Living National Treasure Eishirou Abe built upon this local tradition, and with the counsel of the founder of the Folkcraft Movement Soetsu Yanagi, established Izumo Folkcraft Paper.
Currently, the spirit and skill of Eishirou Abe has been passed to his grandsons, Shinichirou and Norimasa Abe.
..... In 1983, Mr. Abe established "Abe Eishirou Memorial Hall", where a wide and varied collection of literature and materials related to Washi, and many items made of Washi are exhibited. Next to the Hall is the Washi Denshusho Hall where individuals can personally experience the Japanese handmade papermaking process.
Raw Materials for Japanese Papermaking
In Japanese papermaking, a wide variety of fibers are used, but originally, fibers such as hemp, kozo, and gampi were prevalent. During the Edo period (1600-1868), mitsumata began to be used, and currently, kozo, mitsumata and gampi have become the typical fibers used for Japanese papermaking. Other suitable fibers for papermaking include straw, kuwa, bamboo, and wood pulp. Also, in recent years, the use of imported Thai kozo, Philippine gampi, and Manila Hemp (Abaca) is increasing.
Gampi (Diplomorpha Sikokiana Honda)
Kozo (Broussonetia Kazinoki Sieb)
Mitsumata (Edgeworthia Chrysantha Lindle)
source : www.mable.ne.jp/~mingeishi


quote
The decrease in papermaking households has also happened here in Yakumo-cho; this area which used to have approximately 30 mills has now shrunken to just our house, Izumo Washi.
... The true enjoyment of papermaking comes when the papermaker and the user are able to become one. It should also be said that papermaking isn’t a one-person job. At the moment, myself, my wife, my younger brother, my eighty-year old mother, an intern and two women from the neighborhood make a total of seven of us doing the work needed. I am especially thankful to my family’s cooperation at the mill. This is the secret to making great paper. ...
Shinichiro Abe
source : www.hiromipaper.com


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出雲から紙来て障子あらたまる 
Izumo kara kami kite shooji aratamaru

from Izumo
paper came and we renew
the sliding doors


Ameyama Minoru

The strong washi paper from Izumo was especially liked for shoji.

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. shichoo 紙帳 ( しちょう) mosquito net made of washi paper
shichoo uri 紙帳売(しちょううり) vendor of the above 
kigo for all summer



. Paper robes and paper making as KIGO  


. Chiyogami 千代紙 colored printed paper


. kami 紙 paper art and craft  .


. Regional Folk Art and Crafts from Japan .



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24 comments:

Gabi Greve said...

.
Origami and Haiku

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Gabi Greve said...

.
Maruishi Kaku 円石 格 and his Daruma

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Anonymous said...

Kaishi 懐紙 folded paper, "pocket paper"


http://washokufood.blogspot.com/2008/03/kaishi-paper.html

Gabi Greve said...

Kyoto
Kurotani Japanese Paper Hall
The Yamasato and Kurotani areas, rich in Kouzo (paper mulberry) and clean, fresh water that form the raw materials of Washi (Japanese traditional paper), have upheld traditional paper making skills for over 800 years. They continue to preserve the craft today.
(Designated Prefectural Intangible Cultural Asset)In the region, the drying of Kouzo, and paper made by drying in the sun can be observed.

3 Higashidani Kurotani-cho, Ayabe City,Kyoto
http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/visitkyoto/en/theme/activities/cultural/crafts/kurotani/

Gabi Greve said...

Kurotani Washi (Japanese Paper)

Buddhism and papermaking were introduced to Japan from China around 1400 years ago. Kurotani is a papermaking town near Kyoto. Today washi is used for books, woodblock prints, wrapping, and clothing. A quick look at the papermaking process in Kurotani is shown on this web page.

http://iweb.tntech.edu/cventura/washi.htm

anonymous said...

Japan is well known as a centre of paper production. Kochi is one of Japan’s premier paper-making locations. Tosa-washi is the paper produced in Kochi and has a 1000-year history, with records showing that is was presented as a tribute to the emperor. Tosa-washi is known for its high quality and artistry, and this industry is still active today. The industry has diversified to now include industrial paper for use in electronics.

Rogier Uitenboogaart is a Tosa-Washi artist from The Netherlands who has settled in the mountains of Yusuhara Town, in western Kochi.

MORE
http://www.pref.kochi.lg.jp/english/products-paper.html

Gabi Greve - WKD said...

danshi 檀紙
Japanese paper *washi 和紙 originally made from mayumi 檀 fibers (the spindle tree, euonymus sieboldianus) but now made from the fibers of the mulberry tree kouzo 楮 (see *choshi 楮紙), or a mixture of the two fibers.
Often called michinokugami 陸奥紙 because it was produced in Michinoku area (part of modern day Touhoku 東北) during the Heian period. White or light brown, the early version of the paper was smooth but later danshi is noted for its slightly wrinkled texture.

(JAANUS)

MORE

anonymous said...

http://www.trueart.info/oriental.htm
by Steven Saitzyk © 1987)

ORIENTAL PAPERS

Hosho
first appeared around the fourteenth century in the Echizen Province of Japan.

Kozo is similar to hosho, but it has a tighter arrangement of fibers,

Moriki
could easily be placed in the kozo category because it is also made of kozo fibers

Mulberry paper
is kozo paper. Mulberry is actually the Western name for the plant from which the kozo fibers are derived.

Troya
is a paper made from kozo fiber, but it does not resemble any of the other kozo papers.

Gasen and Gasenshi.
Gasen, which originated in China, is the oldest type of Oriental paper still used for artwork.

Torinoko means "child of the bird," or "egg,"
and its surface resembles an eggshell. It was introduced around the eighth century, and was made of pure gampi.


Masa paper
is the least absorbent of all the papers and the easiest for a Western watercolorist to work with.

snip snip







Gabi Greve said...

Sanjigami 山路紙
from Ryuujinmura
龍神国際芸術村 in Wakayama

http://deakure.exblog.jp/12515232

They revived an old method of making local paper in a village that invites artists to boost its attractions.
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Gabi Greve said...

.
tissue paper ティッシュ‐ペーパー
hanagami はながみ【鼻紙】"paper to blow your nose"
.

Gabi Greve - Darumapedia said...

shiso ningyoo 紙塑人形 dolls made from paper mixed with clay

Mulberry pulp, kozo or mitsumata pulp and other basic pulp substances for washi, Japanese paper, are mixed with local clay to make stronger dolls.
Sometimes even old newspapers are torn and used for the mix.

Gabi Greve - Darumapedia said...

yuuzen chiyogami 友禅千代紙 Color Pattern Paper

and yuuzen papermachee dolls

友禅達磨 Yuuzen Daruma
by
Maruishi Kaku 円石格


Gabi Greve - Darumapedia said...

Mino washi (美濃和紙 Mino paper)
and
Mino kami ningyoo 美濃紙人形 dolls from Mino paper

Gabi Greve said...

yuton flooring 油団

How the surface of the yuton gleams
Even reflecting the pillars

Takahama Kyoshi

- quote -
It was after coming across this haiku poem by Takahama Kyoshi that I first started to wonder about yuton. I found out that yuton were made of paper, but what sort of paper product could have a surface so shiny that it would even reflect the pillars inside a house. I wanted to see one for myself, so I went looking.
First of all I tried to find out something more about them. The Kojien dictionary briefly defines a yuton as a mat made of sheets of paper glued together and coated in oil or urushi lacquer which is used as a floor covering in summer.

The Washi Bunka Jiten (Paper Culture Dictionary) by Wagamido Publishers, says something very similar only adding that some yuton have pictures painted on them. The Parkes* Nihonshi Chosa Hokoku ("Japanese Paper Study Report") names Yamato (Nara) as a major place of yuton production. His "Trading Notes" list places where yuton were made as Nonoguchi in Yoshino, Nara Pref., Fukui City and Tojiki-gun, Fukui Pref., Chita-gun, Aichi Pref., Kitagamahara-gun, Niigata Pref., Kumagaya in Saitama Pref., and also Tokyo. So I was able to learn that yuton were once made in various parts of Japan.
. snip

The craftsmen paste together about 13-15 layers to make a yuton. One person applies glue while the other pastes down and beats, a job that requires skill and precise team play. And there is no room for error in the amount of glue applied to each sheet. This has been the wives¡ job for generations. The one who pastes down the paper must stand on top of it to work. He cannot do this barefoot because any sweat would damage the surface, and he cannot wear slippers because they do not have enough traction. The footwear of choice is sandals made of bamboo skin.

There is a fine art in ensuring that each piece fits as perfectly as possible without any overlap at the edges -- a skill in which Mr Makino was trained endlessly by his father. Even with a mat as big as eight-mat size -- 360 centimeters square -- Mr Makino can keep his overlap within 3 mm. Quite an achievement. And he does this without drawing a single line to keep the paper straight, just using his eyes and his craftman's instinct to guide him. They say in handcraft that the simpler the task, the harder it is to do well, and this is certainly the case with yuton. Such precision is indeed the very basis of fine hand craft.
.
MORE
http://www.handmadejapan.com/e_/features_/eft007_01.htm
.

Gabi Greve - Darumapedia said...

kami 紙 paper
and its use in Edo
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Anonymous said...

Japan Times

Traditional Japanese hand-made paper has been shortlisted by a UNESCO preliminary review panel for possible inclusion on its Intangible Cultural Heritage list, the Cultural Affairs Agency said Tuesday.

Based on the panel’s recommendations, the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s Intergovernmental Committee will decide in Paris in late November on whether to list traditional hand-made paper from Saitama, Gifu and Shimane prefectures.
.

Gabi Greve said...

Washi and
Paper Connection International

on facebook
https://www.facebook.com/PaperConnectionInternational/timeline
.

Gabi Greve said...

ryoushi 料紙 Ryooshi, Ryoshi
Paper used for writing and painting; for documents, classical books, Buddhist sutras etc. Ryoushi used in Japan includes *mashi 麻紙, *choshi 楮紙, *ganpishi 雁皮紙, and *mitsumatagami 三椏紙. Mashi, is made from yellow or white hemp and was widely used as the paper on which to copy sutras, particularly in the Nara and early Heian periods (8-9c). Choshi, which is made from the abundant mulberry tree that grows in all regions of Japan and produces tough paper fibers, is the predominant paper in use since ancient times. It includes several varieties: *housho 奉書, *minogami 美濃紙, and *danshi 檀紙. Ganpishi (also known as *torinokogami 鳥の子紙 or "chicken paper" because of its yellow color), is a very fine quality paper with a smooth, glossy surface made from plant fibers (Diplomorpha sikokiana), and often used for book production since ancient times. From the late Muromachi period (mid-15c) onwards it was usually used for documents. Thick varieties, *atsuyou 厚様, and thin varieties, *usuyou 薄様 also were produced. Mitsumatagami, made from mitsumata 三椏 plant fibers (Edgeworthia papyrifera) was developed in the mid-Edo period (18c), but was generally not used for books or documents.
A full single rectangular sheet, *zenshi 全紙 of ryoushi, when used horizontally, is known as tategami 竪紙 (also written 立紙). When this is folded in half horizontally it is called origami 折紙. When it is folded in half vertically it is called tateorigami 竪折紙.
A sheet which is folded both horiziontally and vertically and then cut into smaller pieces is called kirikami 切紙. When a piece of writing cannot be completed on a single sheet, two or three sheets are glued together and this format is known as tsuzukigami 続紙.
Ryoushi has a wide variety of uses including: letters, cards, envelopes, books *sassubon 冊子本 and scrolls *kansubon 巻子本. A wide variety of decoration can also be applied.
.
JAANUS
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/r/ryoushi.htm
.

Anonymous said...

Nancy Broadbent Casserley,
Washi: The Art of Japanese Paper
Publisher: Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens (2013)

Nancy Broadbent Casserley is an independent scholar and curator in the field of the History of Design.

Gabi Greve - Darumapedia said...

impregnated washi paper, tooyugami 桐油紙 with paulownia oil
used by
kappaya 合羽屋 raincoat maker
This paper was also used on the shop-sign.
Their shop-sing was a miniature fire watchtower (hinomi yagura 火の見櫓).
The oil to impregnate the paper came from a special tree, aburagiri 油桐 "oil-paulownia", Tung tree (Vernicia fordii).
- - - - - 桐油 Tung oil or China wood oil


The Kappa makers had to prepare the paper first, mostly using strong Washi made from koozo 楮 fibers of the mulberry tree.
The paper was first impregnated with kakishibu 柿渋 persimmon extract and then coated with Tung oil. On top of that other colors could be coated or letters painted.
Many Kappa makers also sold this special paper for others to use when repairing umbrellas or raincoats.
.
MORE in my blog
.

Gabi Greve - Darumapedia said...

Kishu - Wakayama
保田紙 Yasudagami - Yasuda-gami
or
高野山紙 / 高野紙 Koyagami - Koya-gami

which was introduced by Kobo Daishi Kukai according to Chinese know-how.
This paper was also used for hand fans.
.
MORE about Paper umbrellas
.

Gabi Greve said...

Tosa Washi Paper 土佐和紙
Kochi
.
https://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2017/03/jizo-bosatsu-art-motives.html
.

Gabi Greve said...

History of Washi Japanese Paper:
Evolution of it production and raw materials


『和紙の歴史 ー製紙と原材料の変遷ー』   
 宍倉佐敏・紙の温度
発行:財団法人印刷朝陽会
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https://www.kaminoondo.co.jp/store/i/83200106/
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Gabi Greve said...

Katana Nugui gami-Echizen Tesuki
A paper of the Japanese rice manufactures handcrafted in the region of ECHIZEN,
It was specially made for wiping Japanese KATANA swords.
The fiber is thin and soft.
https://www.sinonome.org/en/iaito-maintenance-katana/715-nugui-gami-katana-shinken.html
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